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Fig. 4. Mean and standard errors for the seven cichlid species in the ram–suction space. Note that species varied more in ram distance than in suction distance and that the latter never exceeded 0.5cm. All variables are calculated from the onset of fast mouth opening (see text for details). Species are as follows: ({blacktriangleup}) Petenia splendida; () Cichla ocellaris; ({blacksquare}) Astronotus ocellatus; ({blacktriangleright}) Crenicichla geayi; ({blacktriangleleft}) Cichlasoma minckleyi; ({blacktriangledown}) Heros severus; ({blacklozenge}) Cyprichromis leptosoma. Filled symbols indicate strikes on brine shrimp and open symbols indicate strikes on guppies.