Fig. 7. Definitions of the orientations and signs of longitudinal and shear
stresses with respect to midshaft cross sections of the humerus and radius.
1,2, shear stress; 
L, longitudinal stress;
T, transverse stress.
Fig. 7. Definitions of the orientations and signs of longitudinal and shear
stresses with respect to midshaft cross sections of the humerus and radius.
1,2, shear stress; L, longitudinal stress;
T, transverse stress.