Fig. 4. Expression of the crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) transcript in the thoracic ganglia (T1-T3) of Manduca sexta. (A) Ventral view of T1 from a day 0 fourth-instar larva showing a pair of lateral cells (arrows) labeled by the in situ hybridization probe for CCAP. (B) Ventral view of a wandering day 3 fifth-instar T1 showing a pair of labeled lateral cells (concave arrows) and a second pair of more anterior cells (convex arrows). (C) Ventral view of T1 from a day 10 pupa (P10) showing two pairs of lateral cells (concave arrows). (D) The anterior portion (T2) of the fused thoracic ganglion of a P10 pupa. The concave arrows point to two pairs of lateral cells. (E) The posterior portion of the fused thoracic ganglion in a P10 pupa with two pairs of lateral cells (concave arrows) in the T3 neuromere. The dotted line marks the approximate boundary between T3 and A1 neuromeres. (F) The fused thoracic ganglion of a day 0 adult. The lateral cells in T2 and T3 are indicated by concave arrows. Scale bars, 50 µm.