Fig. 2. Expression of the crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) transcript in the brain of Manduca sexta. (A) Ventral view of the brain in a day 1 first-instar larva showing a cluster of three anterior pairs of cells (arrows), one anterio-medial pair (concave arrow) and a large ventral pair in the mid protocerebrum (arrowheads). The sixth pair of cells was located on the dorsal side (convex arrow; out of focus). (B) Dorsal view of a brain in a day 2 fourth-instar larva. The `sixth dorsal pair' of cells is indicated by convex arrows, and the convex arrowheads point to the two pairs of cells that started expressing CCAP after reaching the fourth instar. (C) Posterior view of an adult brain showing two pairs of cells (arrows). Scale bars, 50 µm.