
Fig.6. Wingtip path of a characteristic wingbeat in lateral view (A) and rear view (B) at 4ms-1, 8ms-1 and 12ms-1. Arrows indicate the direction of movement and filled circles indicate the position of the wingtip on each frame, with 8ms between the nearest circles. The silhouettes illustrate the body posture at the upstroke/downstroke transition.