Fig. 3. Hindwing spectral reflectance of female Polyommatus icarus. Unweighted means and 95% confidence limits of the means of individual butterflies. Solid lines, flavonoid-rich animals (F+); dashed lines, flavonoid-free animals (F-). (A)White (F+, N=27; F-, N=30). (B)Background coloration (F+, N=26; F-, N=29). (C)Black (F+, N=26; F-, N=29). (D)Orange, underside (F+, N=26; F-, N=29). (E)Orange, upperside (F+, N=22; F-, N=22). (F)Brown (F+, N=23; F-, N=22). For every individual butterfly, 10 measurements were usually taken for white and background coloration and five each for the other colours. Measurements were taken relative to a Spectralon 99 reflectance standard. N is the number of individuals.