Fig. 9. Summary of the effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on female chirp production in response to -12Hz difference frequency (DF) stimuli. (A) Mean type-II chirp production by six females showing non-significant (mean chirp rate following AVT not different from mean rate following saline, P>0.05, t-tests) effects of AVT injection. Light grey bar indicates control phase, dark grey bar indicates saline phase and black bar indicates AVT phase of the experiments. (B) Open circles, mean type-II chirp production of two females showing significant decreases following AVT injection. Filled triangles, responses of a single female showing a significant increase in type-II chirp production following AVT injection. (C) Mean magnitude of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) produced during control conditions, following saline injection and following AVT injection for nine females. Values are means ± S.E.M.